Ethical Issues Affecting Business Statistics - 921 Words

The rights and the wrongs of an organization are centrally governed by the business ethics. Ethical responsibility is a subject that affects most employees in organizations. In business statistics, there are highly possible chances in which inconsistencies and inaccuracies tend to occur (Duska, 2000). In all aspects people tend to escape and move away from ethical responsibilities associated with business statics. This paper aims at looking at the several aspects of ethics in business statistics. It also looks at the ways in which the ethical issues affect personal decisions developed towards such a discipline. A Christian worldview would also be observed as a way of explaining the business statistics issues. According to the nature of business statistics, one of the possible violations that are performed includes data alteration. Data alteration can be done with different motives such as the personal gains as well as, limiting the extents of work done (Gelman, 2012). The fraudulent activities and the criminal actions that may be considered misleading are some of the issues that may lead to actions that may negatively affect the victims. Enron Bernie is one of the personalities that have been extensively referred to when dealing with issues in business statistics ethics. Misleading people with an objective of gaining personal trust may affect the extent of ethical conduct. â€Å"Reflection before action† as an assigned reading has some ethical approaches. At a personalShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues Within The World Wide Web886 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Issues in Marketing Ethical issues in business are important, particularly in the age of the World Wide Web, where the information can be accessed by anyone. False advertising is an ordinary issue, and most business people are aware of the threat of overstated product claims, but the main suggestion is that because of the advertising â€Å"watchdogs,† companies indulging in this practice may be caught and punished. Other issues with ethical implications are not as clear-cut, and the consequencesRead MoreThe Critical Implications Of Climate Change For Business1034 Words   |  5 Pageschange for business? A business plays a heavy and critical role in the contribution to global climate change. Suzanne Goldberg (2013) reports that only 90 companies worldwide caused two-thirds of the man-made global warming emissions. Oil, coal and gas companies are the major players in the global climate change crisis of the 21st century (Goldberg 2013). Companies such as Chevron, Exxon and BP are three of the highest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions. A staggering statistic from SuzanneRead MoreEssay Topics.1738 Words   |  7 Pagesw w w e tr .X m eP e ap .c rs O LEVEL Business Studies – Scheme of work Course overview The aim of this Scheme of Work is to set out a progression through the Syllabus content, and to give ideas for activities, together with references to relevant Internet sites. om The Scheme is neither intended to be prescriptive, nor complete, as local conditions will vary: time and resource availabilities are likely to differ considerably. More, the Scheme is intended to give ideas to teachers uponRead MoreMarketing Ethics Assignment : Calvin Klein1392 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Ethics Assignment My first article that I ran into for my research on a business with ethical issues is the famous clothing line Calvin Klein. Calvin Klein is well known to have a fashion line of high quality clothes for men and women. The reason why I think his practice is unethical is because they are using sexually act and messages in ads to promote their brand of clothes. According to Armstrong, Kotler, â€Å"marketing system uses cultural pollution in commercials to interrupt people sRead MoreSupporting Business Documents : How Accurate And Complete They Are For Existing Users1397 Words   |  6 PagesSUPPORTING BUSINESS DOCUMENTS SUMMARIZING THESE DOCUMENTS HOW ACCURATE AND COMPLETE THEY ARE TO DETERMINE THE ADVERTING CONTENTS Reassurances for Existing Users While presenting the advertising proposals, it is more important to find a very nervous client trying to build reassurances for existing users, that stimulates new usership nor reassures existing users in their behavior. Type or survey used: Commonly used methods for collecting quantitative data include telephone and face-to-face interviewsRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Management Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesPrior to my interview with Dr. Lisa Calvano, I did not have the impression that research was involved in any part of business management. After meeting with her, I learned exactly how important research is to the business management discipline. Research in business management is a systematic investigation that helps to answer complications and problems within businesses. Research in the field contributes to solid management understanding and knowledge. Information from research is usually producedRead MoreThe Impact Of Corporate Social Responsibility On The Food Industry1434 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing proactive on social as well as ethical issues. When one compares this natural tendency to the industries of today, one see’s this voluntary behaviour in a deliberate and compelled act by most involved, which is truly known as Corporate Social Responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is known to be the voluntary model that is not only used by many businesses, but industries themselves to self-regulate their active compliance with the law, ethical standards within their respective sectorsRead MoreTiffany Co. Marketing Assesment1358 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Company operated 64 Tiffany amp; Co. stores in the United States (answers, 2011). Business has done well for the companies even through the recession shares have gone up 6.4 % to 67.18% which has led the company to raise their yearly predictions because of the success. Stocks for the full year have risen 1.4% but dropped 21% this month assuming that financial, and other economic changes are affecting upscale shoppers. The company must also factor in the price of materials, within the pastRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Poverty And Homeless People1696 Words   |  7 Pagesincome disparity which is leading to many families to not be able to pay bills, buy, or manage income. With the current issue of the causes and effects of poverty and Homelessness in North Carolina, I had to complete community service hours at the Hoke Emergency Liaison Program or H.E.L.P to see the issue first hand. The Organization has had many years dealing with the big issue to this very and is still going to make sure they can help every person they can and to get rid of homelessness and pov ertyRead MoreIntersection of Law and Ethics in Hong Kong1578 Words   |  7 Pagespublic hospital, especially to those mainland women, in order to protect right of Hong Kong women. The sudden cut affects a group of mainland women with spouse as Hong Kong permanent residents and they complain the injustice phenomenon, that arise ethical dilemma to discuss which is the aim of this paper. Background The Hospital Authority in Hong Kong announced on 8 April, 2011 that public hospitals have immediately stopped accepting new bookings of obstetric service from outsiders (non-HK citizens)

The Organization s Success With Diversity - 1729 Words

Mrs. Joy Smith has left Love Enterprises a very generous donation of $500,000 million to the agency but more importantly she has given us an opportunity to transform Love into a leading organization in diversity initiatives. As stipulated in her will in order to receive the full gift Love Enterprise needs to have a solid action plan in place as well as specific ways to measure the organization’s success with diversity. In the following paragraphs I will discuss what course of action I would take in developing an action plan, then I will discuss the various tools and modes I would use to measure the success of the action plan. Love Enterprises is an organization that has a lot of offer both clients and staff but like many other organizations it needs reflect of how it has integrated diversity measures in the past and understand how diversity initiatives will help the organization in terms of finance, staff performance, client satisfaction and the way the organization is viewe d by the rest of the community. My initiative includes three phases of building more diversity within the organization. The first is changes to the physical structure of the organization as well as programs offered to clients. This phase seeks to offer clients a more stimulating and inclusive experience while at Love, to meet a variety of physical and psychological needs and finally to express our love of all the people that come to us. The second phase focuses on employees and finding ways to ensureShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Workplace Diversity in an Organization1092 Words   |  5 PagesWORK PLACE DIVERSITY IN AN ORGANIZATION The Importance of Workplace Diversity in an Organization Gina Cazeau/MGT 307/Week4/May2009 University of Phoenix/Professor R. Cullivan Abstract This paper will define a team and a group, and the difference between the two. It will also examine the importance of workplace diversity in an organizationRead MoreWorkforce Diversity1507 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Workforce diversity addresses differences among people within an organization. Workforce diversity means that organizations are becoming a more heterogeneous mix of people from different categories. Diversity refers to the co-existence of employees from various socio-cultural backgrounds within the company. Diversity includes cultural factors such as race, gender, age, colour, physical ability, ethnicity, education, language, lifestyle, beliefs, economic status, etc. Diversity requires a typeRead MoreHigh-Performance Teams1225 Words   |  5 Pagesthe impact of demographic characteristics and cultural diversity on group behavior. This paper will illustrate how demographic characteristics and cultural diversity contribute to or detract from high-performance teams. High-Performance Teams A high-level of performance makes up the basis for groups and teams today. High-performance is a major focus for many organizations since group and teams have become more common among organizations. High-performance teams are teams that get together forRead MoreThe American Red Cross1243 Words   |  5 PagesRed Cross (2010) website tells of an organization guided by the principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, and voluntary service whose mission is to, â€Å"provide relief to victims of disaster and help people prevent, prepare for, and respond to emergencies† (Mission statement,  para. 1). It claims a history of founding in 1881 in Washington D.C. by Clara Barton. Still operating today, 129 years later, is evidence of its success as an organization. It has endured despite the fact thatRead MoreDiversity Management and Cultural Intelligence1260 Words   |  6 PagesCARROLL 1 Shavasia K. Carroll Current Issues in OB Final Diversity Management and Cultural Intelligence Diversity Management and cultural intelligence is the crucial keys in today’s workforce to successfully compete in a global marketplace. Corporations can no longer use lack of cultural intelligence as an excuse. Organizations pursuing global success must embrace diversity in their thoughts, actions, and innovations. Diversity doesn’t just focus on making the numbers, but how the organization’sRead MoreDiversity And Diversity Within Your Company1398 Words   |  6 Pageseducate, and promote diversity within your company. Your company will be shown the merits of diversity and how diversity within your organization can be a benefit. This paper will be broken down into three main areas: Benefits of Diversity, Challenges of Diversity, and Recommendations for an effective diversity within your organization.. Before we move on it is important to take the time and think what diversity means to your organization. How does your company define diversity? A simple definitionRead MoreSample Resume : Office Of Personnel Management1648 Words   |  7 Pagescreate, sustain and develop high-performing workforce by leveraging diversity and empowering VA`s employees to achieve superior results in services, leadership and coaching to our Nation and its Veterans at large. The purpose of VA agency as it mission is to build a diverse workforce with inclusive workplace that delivers the best services to our Nation’s Veterans, their families, and beneficiaries. VA`s office of personnel management`s vision is to value professional hiring, develop effective managersRead MoreEssay on Diversity Case Studies1393 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction There is no doubt that today ¡Ã‚ ¦s business world is changing rapidly and many factors are also simultaneously interacting. Perhaps these factors are created by diversity. According to the dictionary, diversity is a point or respect in which things differ. In fact, diversity in the population, the work force and the market place give many benefits for organizations. Managers are to gain more knowledge on internal diversity in order to maximize the efficiency of workforce and profit.Read MoreOrganizational Performance Within The Global Realm1648 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermining both the positive and negative aspects of organizational diversity success. These strides have led the efforts in discovering how to influence and hold the workforce differences while advancing the organization. The search has led to the agreement that one overwhelming organizational behavior will successfully move the bottom line faster and in a positive global direction. Devoting the appropriate assets to diversity and diversity programs, the financial leaps will inevitably bring positiveRead MoreThe Importance Of Creating And Managing A Culturally Diverse Working Environme nt?1665 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Maya Angelou, a famous African American poet, once said, â€Å"We all should know that diversity makes for a rich tapestry, and we must understand that all the threads of the tapestry are equal in value no matter what their colour,† (Angelou Johnson, 2014). This quote shows how cultural diversity is widely believed to be a benefit to society, but how do these benefits stretch to the context of a business? This review will be looking into literature surrounding the question, what are the

Information Based Decision Making Essay - 3221 Words

Level 5: Diploma in management and leadership | Unit 5002 - Information based decision making | Stockton Riverside College | Michelle Morgan 4/1/2012 | Contents Introduction 3 Be able to identify and select sources of data and information 4 Be able to analyse and present information to support decision making 7 Be able to communicate results of information analysis and decisions 12 Appendices 14 Bibliography 14 Introduction The aim of this report is to look at information based decision making to help identify and select sources of information, analyse and present information to support decision making and communicate the results of information analysis and decisions. I will look at the key models and†¦show more content†¦For example the % on time kitting which would convey the issues to the relevant person without clouding it with personal feelings. For example I am having an issue with the stores department as we have had only 10% of kits on time which means that I have people waiting for materials on the shop floor. This kind of information cannot be argued with, keeps personal feelings out if the issue and allows me as manager to firstly speak with the person(s) directly involved and monitor the information to ensure on time kitting improves. Data and information in business can be defined into types as shown below Information Type | Description | Example | Primary | prepared specifically | Sales and margin figures, budget, efficiencies, sickness, holidays, meeting minutes, surveys | Secondary | not prepared specifically – Desk Research | Market research, magazine articles, journals | Regular | daily/weekly | Workload | Specific | on special occasions | Reviews | Formal | required by the system | Stock levels, order demand, lead times, product BOMs | Informal | you keep yourself | Meeting calendar, diary | To select the correct data and information you must first define your objective, for example if I was interviewing a candidate for a position within Darchem I would require the following information/type; Information needed | Type ofShow MoreRelatedInformation Based Decision Making3396 Words   |  14 PagesInformation Based Decision Making Terms of Reference .................................................................................................... 3 1. Be able to identify and select sources of data and information ............................ 4 Data and Information .............................................................................................. 4 Characteristics of Good Information ............................................................................... 6 SourcesRead MoreInformation Based Decision Making Essay2954 Words   |  12 Pages| Information based decision making | Unit 5002V1 | | | 4/1/2015 | Task 1 (600-700 words): A.C.1.1 – Examine the nature of data and information Data comprises of factual information. Data are the facts from which information is derived. Data is not necessarily informative on its own but needs to be structured, interpreted, analysed and contextualised. Once data undergoes this process, it transforms in to information. Information should be accessible and understood by the readerRead MoreDecision Making : An Essential Skill Of A Productive And Successful Manager1089 Words   |  5 PagesDecision-making is an essential skill of a productive and successful manager as it has direct impact on the organization and team. Decision-making is the process of ‘selecting an alternative from among choices that are accessible.’ There are three main models of decision-making, these include rational, intuition and bounded rationality model. These provide an effective option of dealing with decision-making, and also helps to build support for the final decision and active commitment to that decisionsRead MoreDecision Making Cycle 1030 Words   |  5 Pages § The principles involved in managerial decision making and effective problem solving. The Rational Decision Making emerges from Organizational Behavior. The process is one that is logical and follows the orderly path from problem identification through solution. The Rational Decision Making is a seven step model for making rational and logical reasons: Define the problem The very first step which is normally overlooked by the top level management is defining the exact problem. ThoughRead MoreGuidelines For Policymaking, Regulations And Strategies, Clinical Decision Support1421 Words   |  6 PagesFor policymaking, regulations and strategies, clinical decision support (CDS) provides clinicians, staff, patients or other individuals with knowledge and person-specific information, intelligently filtered or presented at appropriate times, to enhance health and health care. CDS encompasses a variety of tools to enhance decision-making in the clinical workflow. These tools include computerized alerts and reminders to care providers and patients; clinical guidelines; condition-specific order sets;Read MoreStrategic Information Management807 Words   |  4 Pagesimportance of using information to inform and support strategic decision making to achieve organisational goals and objectives as set out by unit learning outcomes (LO) pertaining to this unit 7004 . These four learning outcomes are to: LO1: Be able to understand the impact of management information on decision making; LO2: Be able to understand the importance of information sharing within the organisation; LO3: Be able use information to inform and support strategic decision making; and LO4: Be ableRead MoreAre The Most On Values For Making Decisions?811 Words   |  4 PagesI would rely the most on values for making decisions. For example, a public administrator is faced with the challenge of reducing poverty by a certain degree. Information and facts are relevant in developing the best program. Research on facts and history should be done to select the best way to achieve the goal of reducing poverty for that city or town. All possible policy alternatives are outlined and rated. The best alternative is chosen from options like work-relief programs, higher welfareRead MoreEffective Appraisal Approaches And Its Influence On Investment Decision Making1441 Words   |  6 Pa gesof equipment or inventory by owner in order to improve future business. (Kahraman, 2011) Moreover, the part of decision-making acts a crucial role in business investment that depends upon the investor’s profit expectation, the availability to finance the investment and the potential cost of assets. (Virlics, 2013) However, risk and uncertainty are the basic terms to the decision-making framework. Risk can be defined as the probability of outcomes or loss that is caused by internal or external vulnerabilitiesRead MoreLogical Selection of Reasoning and Facts in Rational Decision Making1240 Words   |  5 PagesRATIONAL DECISION MAKING Rational decision making is a decision making model that involves the logical selection among possible choices that is based on reasoning and facts. In a rational decision making process a business manager will often employ a series of analytical steps to review relevant facts observation and possible outcomes before choosing a particular course of action. Rational decision making can also be termed classical decision making. Rational decision making is part of the normativeRead MoreThe Importance Of Effective Decision Making868 Words   |  4 PagesImportance of Effective Decision-Making Inadequate information, data, and knowledge. For rational decision-making to be accurate, reliable, and complete, information about various aspects of the problem under investigation is necessary. Possible future trends can be estimated with the help of such information. This facilitates rational decision-making. However, adequate and reliable information may not be available at the time of decision-making. As a result, the decisions may become defective or

Tactics of Terrorism and Preventive Ideas Essay - 1554 Words

The Problem: Terrorism In The World Terrorism, which has been around for as long as people can remember, has been on the rise for the past ten years. Terrorists use murder, kidnapping, hijacking, and bombings to almost always achieve a political purpose. These radicals are not just subject to the United States, terrorism is all over the world, in every way, shape and form. There are many different types of terrorism, for many different purposes. The primary reason for terrorist acts are to force a change in their nations government. If terrorists are not satisfied with there governments political positions, they may end up taking the matters into there own hands. Another reason for terrorist acts are because of hate towards a†¦show more content†¦Another type of bomb works off of the altitude of the plane. Once the plane reaches the set altitude, the bomb will explode. I suggest that the actual luggage should be scanned for explosives that would be dangerous to the passengers. Since the only luggage that is scanned at this time is the carry-on luggage, and individuals that go through the metal detectors. I recommend that all luggage being loaded in the belly of the aircraft, also go through a metal detector being scanned by trained eyes. This would prevent any bombs from being loaded onto the plane. Another type of plane bombing is called the Suicide Bomber, this is a terrorist who straps the bomb to his body, making it harder to stop them from boarding the plane, because you cannot see it by the human eye. Unfortunately, metal detectors dont pick up plastic explosives that a terrorist could carry on board. Another idea for this would be to have a bomb sniffing dogs at every metal detector, which could work in terms of stopping the bombs before they reach the plane. Of course, there will always be terrorists who would like to make a change in the policy of the government. And you will always have radicals who will want to take out their anger towards a particular race, religion, or nationality. One of the best ways to stop terrorism is, of course, by monitoring these groups closely for signs of illegal activity. FirstShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Issues with Closing Guantanamo1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States military base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, has been occupied by over 700 Middle Eastern men suspected of terrorism since 2002. It has been home to some of the most heinous suspected terrorist to ever walk on this Earth. What to do with this military base, has been a major source of conflict within our nation and with other nations for over a decade, with no real reasoning substantial enough to close the base. Although our government has come forward and declared that interrogationRead MorePrevention And Suppression Of Internation al Terrorism1486 Words   |  6 Pagesregarded as such, c. â€Å"Facilities† are any public or private building, or means of transportation; 2. Instructs that for the purposes of this resolution, in accordance with the legal instruments related to the prevention and suppression of international terrorism made by the United Nations and regional bodies, an act will be regarded as a â€Å"terrorist act† whenever it is committed crossing one or more borders with the aim of achieving political goals through the dissemination of terror with the intent to influenceRead MoreUn Efforts At Violent Conflict Prevention1826 Words   |  8 Pagesthe United Nations Security Council (UNSC)—including condemnations, diplomatic measures, and authorizations of sanctions and force—affect the likelihood that these disputes become civil wars. We find that UNSC resolutions can have a substantial preventive effect, through both directly engaging the disputing parties and indirectly shaping their incentives to escalate to violence or remain at (relative) peace. These findings of UNSC plans indicates that when the UN conducts more forceful action toRead MoreHls 410 Essay2780 Words   |  12 Pageslawyers perspective in his book titled Why Terrorism Works: Understanding the Threat, Responding to the Challenge. In an article from the book titled, Should the Ticking Time Bomb Terrorist Be Tortured, many of his suggestions such as the use of torture, are rather controversial; however, Dershowitz encourages people to rethink current notions of security, liberty, and international law. Alan Dershowitz acknowledges that he is not an expert on terrorism; his opinions, suggestions and methods in hisRead MoreMilitary Technology And Technological Advancements2082 Words   |  9 Pagesnerves, technology and tactics. Military thinkers developed new theories to integrate these technological advancements into the existing military setup. General Swinston and Colonel Fuller developed theories that influenced development of the armored warfare. Early airpo wer theorists, Giulio Douhet, Billy Mitchel and Hugh Trenchard evolved different concepts for effective employment of the airpower (AP). Admiral William Moffett, the architect of naval aviation, formulated tactics for the naval aviationRead MoreThe Impact of Stigma for Muslim Americans Post 9/112503 Words   |  11 Pagespropaganda by media of the western world since many decades. Western media spreads any negative incident in which Muslims are involved very quickly. Many people have developed such an understanding due to this stigmatization that they normally think of terrorism, violence and other extreme things when they hear about Islam and Muslims. One major incident behind such stigmatization is the 9/11 attacks on America. Islamic teachings that are followed by Muslims around the globe do not have same context andRead MoreComputer Crimes And Its Effect On Our Individual Privacy1377 Words   |  6 Pagesintentionally. Basically, computers are used in several different roles of criminal activity and it affects our individual privacy. For example, criminals normally target computer networks or devices such as computer viruses identify theft, scams, terrorism, and copyright infringement. Today, the three of most common computer crimes are information security systems, social networking and copyright infringement. Unfortunately, the internet has impacted upon criminal and/or harmful activity in three mainRead MoreCybercrime : A Form Of Cybercrime1943 Words   |  8 Pagesaccess to classified or other information that may be profitable or advantageous for the hacker. Cyberspying is an ongoing process that occurs over time in order to gain confidential information. It can result in everything from economic disaster to terrorism (Techopedia). Cyberspying can be devastating toward both the government and businesses due to the classified information that can lead to copied products and gain both personal and business secrets. This ends up with consequences from major lossRead MoreHuman Security As A Borderless World By Derek S. Reveron And Kathleen A. Mahoney Norris Essay2410 Words   |  10 Pagesinstitutions, and society† while human security focuses on â€Å"Freedom from want, freedom from fear, freedom of expression, and freedom of beliefs† (Reveron 3). Even though it would be in the United States’ best interest for their foreign policy to reflect the idea of human security as national security due to Hillary Clinton’s national security strategies, the Iraq War, and Obama and Bush’s doctrines. In December 2015, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton addressed the state of Minneapolis to discussRead MoreThe Impact Of Black Friday On American Symbols, Values And Interests6556 Words   |  27 Pagessupporting, or harboring terrorism would be held responsible. More importantly, Resolution 1368 pointed out to the right to individual and collective self-defense under the United Nations Charter. The attacks did represent a new turn not only in American history, but in the world’s history as well. There is no wonder that terms like â€Å"pre-911† and â€Å"post-911† are part of contemporary readings of American history, and world history at large. In fact, the problem of terrorism is not a new one. It is

Water Pollution and its Prevention free essay sample

Develop and implement pollution control strategies to prevent the pollutants from entering the environment 5. Develop and implement alternative means of meeting the need that do not produce the polluting by product II. Water Pollution: Sources, Types, Criteria For purposes of regulation, it is customary to distinguish between point sources and nonpoint sources of pollutants  ·Point sources involve the discharge of substances from factories, sewage systems, power plants, coal mines, and oil wells  ·Two basic strategies are employed in attempting to bring water pollution under control: 1) reduce or remove the sources and 2) treat the water before it is released so as to remove pollutants or convert them to harmless forms A. Pathogens  ·Most serious water pollutants are the infectious agents that cause sickness and death  ·Pathogens – disease causing bacteria, viruses and other parasitic organisms  ·The following measures were important in controlling waterbourne diseases: 1. Purification and disinfection of public water supplies with chlorine or other agents 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution and its Prevention or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sanitary collection and treatment of human and animal wastes 3. Maintenance of sanitary standards in all facilities in which food is processed or prepared for public consumption 4. Instruction in personal and domestic hygiene practices  ·Largely because of poor sanitation regarding water and sewage, a significant portion of the world’s population is chronically infected with various pathogens B. Organic Waste When bacteria and detritus feeders decompose organic matter in water, they consume oxygen gas dissolved in the water  ·Bacteria keep the water depleted in DO as long as there is dead organic matter to support their growth and oxygen replenishment is inadequate  ·Biochemical oxygen demand is a measure of the amount of organicmaterial in water, in terms of how much oxygen will be required to break it down biologically, chemically, or both  ·If the system goes anaerobic, only bacteria can survive, using their abilities to switch to fermentation or anaerobic respiration C. Chemical Pollutants  ·The organic chemicals are another group of substances found in polluted waters  ·Many of these pollutants are toxic even at low concentrations  ·At higher concentrations, they can change the properties of bodies of water so as to prevent them from serving any useful purpose except navigation D. Sediments  ·Sediments have direct and extreme physical impacts on streams and rivers  ·Sediment entering waterways in large amounts has an array of impacts  ·Modern storm-water management is designed to reduce the bed load E. Nutrients More nutrients mean more plant growth, so nutrients become water pollutants when they are added from point or nonpoint sources and stimulate undesirable plant growth in bodies of water F. Water Quality Standards  ·The EPA has listed 167 chemicals and substances as criteria pollutants  ·Two important applications of water quality criteria are the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System and Total Maximum Daily Load pro grams 17. 2 Wastewater Management and Treatment  ·Sewage borne bacteria were responsible to infectious diseases I. Development of Wastewater Collection and Treatment System  ·To alleviate the problem of sewage-polluted waterways, facilities were designed and constructed to treat the outflow before it entered the receiving waterway  ·Gradually, regulations were passed requiring municipalities to install separate systems—storm drains for collecting and draining runoff from precipitation and sanitary sewers to receive all wastewater II. The Pollutants in Raw Wastewater  ·The total mixture of water collected from all drains is called raw sewage. It mostly consists of water  ·The pollutants in raw sewage are usually divided into four categories which correspond to the techniques used to remove them: 1. Debris and grit: bags, course sand, gravel, other objects 2. Particulate organic material: fecal matter, food wastes, toilet paper 3. Colloidal and dissolved organic material: very fine particles of particulate organic material, bacteria, urine, soap, detergent 4. Dissolved inorganic material: nitrogen, phosphorous, nutrients III. Removing the Pollutants from Wastewater  ·The challenge of treating wastewater is more than installing a technology A. Preliminary  ·Removing debris and grit is called preliminary treatment  ·Debris is removed by letting raw sewage flow through a bar screen B. Primary Treatment (Removal of Particular Organic Material)  ·After preliminary treatment, the water moves onto primary treatment, where it flows very slowly through large tanks called primary clarifiers  ·At the same time, fatty or oily material floats to the top, where it is skimmed from the surface  ·All the material that is removed is combined into raw sludge which is treated separately C. Secondary Treatment (Removal of colloidal and Dissolved Organic Materials)  ·Secondary treatment uses natural decomposers and detritus feeders  ·The wastewater from primary treatment is a food- and water-rich medium for the decomposers and detritus feeders  ·As the organisms feed on each other, they tend to form into clumps, called floc D. Biological Nutrient Removal ( Removal of Dissolved Inorganic Material)  ·In the natural nitrogen cycle, various bacteria convert nutrient forms of nitrogen back to nonnutritive nitrogen gas in the atmosphere through denitrification  ·Phosphate is removed as excess rganisms are removed from the system E. Final Cleansing and Disinfection  ·With or without BNR, wastewater is subjected to a final clarification and disinfection IV. Treatment of Sludge  ·Pathogens are certain to be present in raw sludge because it includes material direct  ·The commonly used methods for treating sludge and converting it into organic fertilizer are anaerob ic digestion A. Anaerobic Digestion  ·Anaerobic digestion is a process of allowing bacteria to feed on the detritus in the absence of oxygen  ·Because of its methane content, biogas is flammable and can be burned for fuel B. Compositing  ·Raw sludge is mixed with wood chips to reduce the water content  ·Bacteria and other decomposers break down the organic material to rich humus like material that makes an excellent treatment for poor soil C. Pasteurization  ·After the raw sludge is dewatered, the resulting sludge cake may be put through ovens that operate like oversized laundry dryers. In the dryers, the sludge is pasteurized  ·The product is dry, odorless organic pellets V. Alternative Treatment Systems A. On-site Wastewater Treatment Systems  ·Wastewater flows into the tank, where particulate organic matter settles to the bottom  ·Soil bacteria decompose the colloidal and dissolved organic material that comes through the leaching field B. Using Effluents for Irrigation  ·The nutrient-rich water coming from the standard secondary-treatment process is beneficial for growing plants  ·It can be used for irrigation. However, it is important to ensure that it has been properly treated C.

Utilizing Online Sources for Research free essay sample

The difference between the four is as follows: Scholarly journals are also called academic, peer-reviewed, or refereed journals (Strictly speaking, peer-reviewed (also called refereed) journals refer only to those scholarly journals that submit articles to several other scholars, experts, or academics (peers) in the field for review and comment. These reviewers must agree that the article represents properly conducted original research or writing before it can be published. ) Substantive News Or General Interest These periodicals may be quite attractive in appearance, although some are in newspaper format. Articles are often heavily illustrated, generally with photographs. Popular Popular periodicals come in many formats, although often slick and attractive in appearance with lots of color graphics photographs, drawings, etc. ). These publications do not cite sources in a bibliography. Information published in popular periodicals is often second or third hand and the original source is rarely mentioned. Articles are usually very short and written in simple language. We will write a custom essay sample on Utilizing Online Sources for Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The main purpose of popular periodicals is to entertain the reader, to sell products (their own or their advertisers), or to promote a viewpoint. Sensational Sensational periodicals come in a variety of styles, but often use a newspaper format. Their language is elementary and occasionally inflammatory. They assume certain gullibility in their audience. The main purpose of sensational magazines seems to be to arouse curiosity and to cater to popular superstitions. They often do so with flashy headlines designed to astonish (e. G. , Half-man Half-woman Makes Self Pregnant). Now looking at the DEMO. Org website first hand, anyone would think that it was a website that is either popular or sensational.The graphics on the screen alone would say that this website was not scholarly at all. Evaluating web pages skillfully requires you to do two things at once: We deed to train our eyes and our fingers to employ a series of techniques that help us quickly find what is needed to know about web pages. Then we must train our minds to think critically, even suspiciously, by asking a series of questions that will help you decide how much a web page is to be trusted. There are definitely numerous links attached to this website page. A couple is http://MN. Demo. Org/alerts and http://www. Demo. Org/facts. HTML.We need to make sure that the links work and if they are useful for the research we are looking for. When looking at the page at the bottom it shows that it was last updated on the date that came to the page. That does not seem reputable. When viewing websites the updated information does not usually change every day. How recent the date needs to be depends on ones need. For some topics you want current information. For others, you want information put on the web near the time it became known. In some cases, the importance of the date is to tell you whether the page author is still maintaining an interest in the page, or has abandoned it.