Rethinking Leadership in the Learning Organization Essay -- essays pap

Rethinking Leadership in the Learning Organization A proclamation by a CEO that â€Å"we are going to become a learning organization† will likely be met with collective eye rolling and wonderings of, â€Å"What workshop did he attend last week?† Indeed, many employees are so accustomed to these management â€Å"initiatives-of-the-month† that seeing any results from such a managerial decree is extremely unlikely. Another of the main barriers to creating a learning organization, Senge says, is the difference between compliance and commitment. The employees are loath to accept change that starts at the top of the managerial hierarchy. A value is a value only if voluntarily chosen. We cannot force others to learn. Since it is really the individuals that comprise a learning organization, there is no substitute for a personal desire to learn. Decisions made by managers can also have the effect of paradoxically moving an organization backwards. Downsizing can lead to increased competitiveness, which is a hindrance to productivity. Competitiveness can also undermine collaborative efforts and thereby affect a company’s economic prosperity. Senge defines three leadership types that he says are essential to building a learning organization: 1. Local line leaders. These are leaders who undertake meaningful experiments to test whether new learning capabilities actually lead to improved business results. 2. Executive leaders. They provide support for line leaders,...

Knowledge & Understanding questions Essay

1.1 Describe a range of causes of dementia syndrome ANSWER Neurodegenerative diseases is a common cause of dementia which mean that the brain cells known at the neurons either are degenerating therefore the neuron die off quicker which will lead to a more decline in the person mental health such as memory, language and sometimes their physical abilities all depending on which area of the brain is infected. Dementia affects the brain and the loss of function of the brain in such a way that the things we normally take for granted, for example our ability to remember things (time, date, events, to use language all of these things begin to disappear. Also there are more causes of dementia caused by depression, brain tumours, thyroid hormone, and head injuries. Some of these causes of dementia can also be dementia –like conditions which may be treatable or non-progressive. These neurodegenerative diseases are known to us as Alzheimer’s fronto temporal dementia, and Lewy bodies are where over time a build up of abnormal protein deposits in the brain cause the gradual change and damage to the neurons which will cause the shrinkage of the brain. 1.2 Describe the types of memory impairment commonly experienced by individuals with dementia ANSWER Dementia is a collection of symptoms including memory loss, personality change, and impaired intellectual functions resulting from disease or trauma to the brain. These changes are not part of normal ageing and are severe enough to impact daily living skills, independence, and relationships, while Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, there are also many other forms, including vascular and mixed dementia. Common signs and symptoms of dementia may include: Memory loss Impaired judgement Difficulties with abstract thinking Faulty reasoning Inappropriate behaviour Loss or communication skills Disorientation to time and place Gait, motor and balance problems Neglect of personal care and safety Hallucinations, paranoia, agitation. The most common forms of mental decline associated with ageing are: Slower thinking and problem solving Decreased attention and concentration Slower recall As the dementia progresses the individual ability to look after themselves from day to day may also become affected. 1.3 Explain the way that individuals process information with reference to the abilities and limitations of individuals with dementia ANSWER The working of the brain are very complex, the human brain is made up of around 100 billion cells, main these cells are called neurons. If the neurons is switched off is resting when it is switched on it fires electrical impulses along its body known as the axon. Some people with dementia often confuse things, this may be very distressing for their family or carers, but can be called as a natural aspect of their memory loss. An individual with dementia may be trying to interpret a world that no longer makes sense to them that because them brain is processing the information incorrectly. An individual with dementia may receive care from a provider who does not maintain a good standard of continuity with their staff, for a person with dementia it is very important as they must become familiar with  the people who care for them to gain trust and familiarity with their daily routine. Communication could not be structured correctly for the person who causes confusion and lack of understanding as they are unable to comprehend what is expected of them. Infections, change of medication, change of environment, pain and stress, social skills, understanding and interaction levels may decrease or fluctuate. However an individual process the information in different ways therefore depending on their abilities will depend on their limitations as suffering with Dementia. 1.4 Explain how other factors can cause changes in an individual’s condition that may not be attributable to dementia ANSWER Change of diet, environment, and medication can cause changes in an individual condition; in spite of the fact experiencing a loss of reduction in memory does not mean always indicate a form of dementia. There are many other conditions which could affect an individual health which can be a difference between dementia, depression and confusional state. Sensory changes due to age related degeneration example macular degeneration and cataracts affecting vision, loss of hearing and increase of tinnitus affecting balance, reduced metabolism causing poor appetite. The part of the brain which was affected will determine how the person will be affected. Some condition that may affect the memory are listed below: Brain injury- which can be caused by an external trauma such as a blow to the head or internal factors such as a result of a stroke or aneurism. Brain tumour – a tumour of the brain can be benign (slow growing, non cancerous) or malignant Medication – some prescription medication can have side effects which can affect somebody’s memory. Diet – some foods can have an effect on a person’s memory. Stress –is the emotional and physical strain caused by individual’s response to pressure from the outside world. Stress can affect an individual’s health in many ways, including memory difficulties. 1.5 Explain why the abilities and needs of an individual with dementia may fluctuate ANSWER Each individual may experience dementia in different ways. There is no definitive direction or path that the condition will follow and there are no exact timescales in which the condition may progress. Somebody with dementia can have â€Å"good days† and â€Å"bad days†. Believed all depends on how we are feeling, how much sleep we have had, and what activity we are doing and how much we want to do that activity. On the other hand changes that may occur in their day to day life, changes of people (changes of carers on a regular basis), therefore not being consistent in a routine programme. 2.1 Describe the impact of early diagnosis and follow up to diagnosis ANSWER Generally speaking for most people receiving the diagnosis of dementia is very distressing, also can be very upsetting for their loves one. Many people in nowadays still, think of dementia as being a condition which causes people to go â€Å"crazy†. When supporting somebody who is exhibiting any signs or symptoms of forgetfulness, confusion or the inability to find the right words when communicating, it is important that they see their GP. In the early stages diagnosis can be difficult to make as the symptoms of dementia can develop slowly, also the symptoms can be similar to symptoms of other health condition. The early diagnosis of dementia is essential in order to: Rule out other conditions that may be treatable Access advice, information and support Allow the person with dementia and their family to plan and make arrangements for the future. Although there is not cure at the present, there are various medications available which can help improve symptoms and possibly to slow down the progression of disease. Following diagnosis, an individual may want to live as independently as they can. In order to aid a person to self look after themselves, the individual could place a list of important telephone numbers by their phone, labels also could be placed on cupboards doors to  remind them of the contents. However the quality of life, fear, feeling lack of control, loss of dignity, loss of identity, invasion of privacy, fear or losing own home, inability to communicate needs and preferences, loss of friends , increased risk of falls, nutrition, personal hygiene all of these factors are playing a huge impact in an individual life diagnosed with dementia. 2.2 Explain the importance of recording possible signs or symptoms of dementia in an individual in line with agreed ways of working ANSWER The recording signs or symptoms of dementia in an individual day by day life can be made, depends of the policies and procedures of the company such as verbal, written, electronic, accurate, timely, and confidential reporting. When monitoring somebody’s condition, it is important to record any findings in line with the organisation’s policies and procedures. The following areas area those which it is very important to monitor and record in the person, as these will show what changes have occurred and over what period: Memory Behaviour Personality Ability to cope with daily living skills Care- giving strategies Activities that person enjoys Any medication that they have taken that day Below are shown some key points in importance of recording: To obtain specific facts about health, personal matters To measure accurately the individual needs To ensure health and safety of all involved To accurately record the action agreed To ensure nutrition needs are accurately met To make sure hygiene needs are met Follow the Smart model( specific, measurable, realistic and time based) to be  sure the individuals family and carers have their needs met. 2.3 Explain the process of reporting possible signs of dementia within agreed ways of working ANSWER The diagnosis of dementia does not always occur from the first visit to GP. Generally there is a process in which the person goes through in order to receive a definitive diagnosis. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has advised guidelines in supporting people with dementia, where the early diagnosis of dementia it is included. The person history A cognitive and mental state examination A physical examination A review of all medication including over the counter remedies To report a concern, the organisation’s guidelines and procedures have to be followed, usually most reports are given to a designated member of staff, this may be line manager, supervisor or manager, always try to avoid by giving the personal opinion. Also agreed ways of working may be: Medical diagnosis Referral pathway Diagnosis tests Profiling Observation Care planning Review Follow up Continuation of care 2.4 Describe the possible impact of receiving a diagnosis of dementia on: A) The individual B) Their family and friends ANSWER The impact on the person and their family receiving a diagnosis of dementia can vary, some may see it as a relief that the cause if their difficulties has been diagnosed while others may be in disbelief, preferring not to acknowledge what they have been told. Impact on the individual: Confusion Shock Frightened Denial of failings Disorientation Trying to construct sense of meaning into the situation Destruction of hope Loss of future goals May have to retire early Financial implications May need to stop driving Loss of socialisation Whatever feeling the diagnosis creates in the person, you should encourage and support them to talk about their feelings. Impact on family and friends: Loss of socialisation Increased stress levels Feeling of guilt Need to balance commitments Anger Loss of financial support/ increased financial needs Fear Feeling embarrassed The individual’s family and friends should respect the wishes of their loved one. 3.1 Compare a person-centred and a non-person-centred approach to dementia care ANSWER When an individual been diagnosed with dementia it is important to bear in mind that people with dementia are individuals first, with their condition of dementia coming second. They may also be mothers, fathers, brothers, sisters, sons or daughters. Person-centred care is a way of providing care with the person at the centre of everything you do, or another way of describing it is individualised care- care that is given to the person according their needs, wishes, beliefs and preferences. Studies have shown that a person-centred approach can help reduce agitation in the person with dementia where the agitation is often causes by the person’s frustration in not being able to express themselves . Recognising individuality Enabling choices Enabling social relationships Valuing the individual Providing the opportunity for stimulation Inclusion Looking at the person a s unified whole Once a person needs have been identified, plans should be made to draw up a support plan which will describe how those needs will be met. Nothing should be planned for the individuals for them without them. A non person-centred approach can be identify such as: Dictating form of care to be used Not recognising the individual’s uniqueness and needs Exclusion Lack of choice Not allowing participation in decision making Not allowing the individual to exercise their rights Responding to behaviour rather than looking at the unified whole Not empowering the individual 3.2 Describe a range of different techniques that can be used to meet the fluctuating abilities and needs of the individual with dementia ANSWER Many people with dementia are able to live in their own homes for most their lives with care being given to them by their families. As a carer or support for those suffering with dementia, must focus on the skills and abilities that the person has, rather those that they have lost. Ensure that they are fully aware of and respect the person’s background, their history, likes and dislikes. Be prepared for changes and adapt flexible approach. Not every day may be the same in supporting people with dementia. By learning about each individual ‘history and background, can be designed the care and the type of support provided around their specific needs. Ensure that individual’s support plan is kept as up to date as possible and shows alternative methods to use for various fluctuations in their support needs, share the information with the rest of the carers., provide a stable environment and suitable surroundings as one of the main triggers resulting in somebody with dementia becoming agitated and confused is a change in their routine. To ensure stability it is important to : Have consistent, regular staff, unfamiliar faces can cause the person great upset Maintain a familiar environment, if there some new decorations needs to be undertaken try to make the new decor similar if not the same as it was previously. Ensure that the individual is in a non stressful, constant and familiar environment Establish a regular routine regular physical activity and adequate exposure to light and improve any sleep disturbances.

The Theme Of Individualism In Kate Chopins The Awakening

To Rebel or Not To Rebel, That is the Question Nineteenth century, a century that urged women to attain a sense of self awareness and dignity. The Awakening, published in 1899, was labeled as morbid, disagreeable, and vulgar, which then went through a massive controversy that led to the book being widely condemned. â€Å"Modern critics praise The Awakening for its daring treatment of traditional gender roles as they were defined at the turn of the century, and for its exploration of a womans search for self-fulfillment.† states Suzanne D. Green. Kate Chopin deliberately uses the theme of individualism vs. society to explain how the protagonist (Edna) rebels against society while incorporating still incorporating her antithesis, Madame†¦show more content†¦Mr.Pontellier certainly did not agree about her decisions but that did not stop Edna from pursuing what makes her happy. Unlike most women at the time, Edna refuses to conform to simply being a housewife. Edna tells Madame Ratignolle, â€Å"I would give up the unessential; I would give my money, I would give my life for my children; but I wouldn’t give myself.† indicating that even in the early stages of her awakening she had accounted herself more pretentious than society proclaims. At the end of the story Edna stands by her word by ending her life due to the level of unhappiness she was feeling. A housewife of those times would have simply lived her life unhappy and suffered until she possibly couldn’t. Edna on the other hand, chose to take actions into her own hands and take control of what is to happen in her life resulting in her suicide. On the contrary, Adele viewed motherhood and being a wife as the single handedly most important role in a woman’s life. When Edna was distressed she wanted to do something to fix the problem where on the other hand Adele would simply u se the piano to sooth her soul and relax herself in order to overcome the anger that is at that time bypassing her. Not only does Chopin use Edna and Adele’s views to contrast them, but also physically describes them as opposites. Edna is described as a sticking woman that is captivating â€Å"Mrs. Pontellier’s eyes were quick and bright; they were a yellowish brown, about the color ofShow MoreRelatedResearch Paper on Kate Chopin and the Feminism in Her Works2066 Words   |  9 PagesLicano 1 Maria Licano Mrs. Hummel Ap English 08 27 April 2012 Kate Chopin: Feminism in Her Works â€Å"Love and passion, marriage and independence, freedom and restraint.† These are the themes that are represented and worked with throughout Kate Chopin’s works. Kate Chopin, who was born on February 8, 1851, in St. Louis, was an American acclaimed writer of short stories and novels. She was also a poet, essayist, and a memoirist. Chopin grew up around many women; intellectual women that is. ChopinRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1198 Words   |  5 Pageswoman’s freedom is the driving force behind Kate Chopin’s contextual objections to propriety. In particular, The Awakening and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† explore the lives of women seeking marital liberation and individuality. Mrs. Chopin, who was raised in a matriarchal household, expresses her opposition to the nineteenth century patriarchal society while using her personal experiences to exemplify her feminist views. Katherine O’Flaherty, later Kate Chopin, was born to Eliza and Thomas O’FlahertyRead MoreThe Awakening Ednas Suicide1304 Words   |  6 Pages Edna’s Victorious Suicide In the iconic debated novel â€Å"The Awakening†, Kate Chopin’s novel takes place in the Victorian Era, which is in the 19th- century, similarly the novel was published in 1899. Edna is depicted as a woman longing for more, a woman who was looking for more than just a life of complacency and living in the eyes of society. The story uses Edna to exemplify the expectations of women during this era. For example, a woman’s expression of independenceRead MoreNurse2025 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å" Common Themes Found in Kate Chopins Short Stories Kimberley J. Dorsey Stevenson University English 152, Writing About Literature 152-OME1 Charlotte Wulf November 14, 2010 Abstract Many of Kate Chopin’s short stories share the common themes of female oppression. The females in her stories are trying to find a way to escape their oppression and have a sense freedom and individuality. TheyRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1188 Words   |  5 PagesJanuary 2016 The Awakening Essay In The Awakening, Kate Chopin ends the novel in a vastly different way than most authors would have at that time with her main character, Edna Pontellier, committing suicide by drowning herself. If one were to isolate this ending without any context whatsoever, it would feel tragic and depressing; however, the events leading up to her death actually explains to the readers her spiritual reassessment and moral reconciliation, both of which being themes significant to

SEO tips for Writers

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Observing Adolescents Through Adolescent Males And Females

OBSERVING ADOLESCENTS IN THIER NATURAL HABITAIT †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨EMINA SEHOVIC Do you remember adolescence ? The awkwardness, the pimples, the first crush, the first kiss? Wasn’t it the best? Don’t you wish you could go back? I don’t. Like most people I hated adolescence it was a strange and confusing time. Looking back at my adolescents I sometimes wonder why I acted the way I did. During this observation I couldn’t help but think â€Å" I really hope I wasn t this bad back then,† but lets face it I probably was. Introduction My group observed adolescents, we were looking for variations in behavior between males and females. We theorized that in public places adolescent males and females would act differently according to the environment they were in. We also predicted that their behavior would be influenced by who they were around, peers or parents. O Koon, J. (1997), did a study looking at adolescents relationships to parents and peers. In his study he found that females had a much stronger attachment to their peers than males, attachment to parents was strong for both. In our observations we saw some similar results. Methods For our research project we split our group and divided up the observation tasks. One part of the group went to the mall, another went to a high school football game and a high school volleyball game. I went to the mall for my observation, more specifically I went to the most popular adolescent stores stores such as Forever 21, American Eagle, DicksShow MoreRelatedThe Association Of Parent Adolescent Relationships And Adolescent Relationship With Their Peers Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe main focus of this study was to examine the association of parent-adolescent relationships and the adolescent’s relationship with their peers. Previous research has found that parents do play a crucial role in shaping a child’s social skills and in their relationships with peers but this is prior to adolescence. The literature review had found that studies on parental influences through adolescence are not as common and the ones that were available typically only focused on how pa rents and peersRead MoreThe Root Causes of Sexual Offending: Social Learning Theory1319 Words   |  6 Pagesthey’re older (Seto Lalumiere, 2010). The following studies have provided substantial support for the social learning etiology. Through the use of a meta-analysis, Seto and Lalumiere (2010) concluded that sexual offending is tied to prior sexual abuse. Burton, Miller, and Shill (2002) discovered significant differences between sexual offending and nonsexual offending adolescents in the areas of sexual abuse. Lastly, Burton (2003) determined that sex offender’s methods of abuse mimicked that which wasRead MoreThe Psychology of Mean Girls 1339 Words   |  5 PagesThe Psychology of Mean Girls Mean Girls, ironically my favorite movie, in my opinion clearly and comically depicts the misconceptions and stereotypes that are perceived by society of early adolescents. Stanley Hall characterized adolescence as a time of â€Å"storm and stress† and this negative image has stuck with society. As we’ve learned and discussed in class, Sigmund Freud took the concept of storm and stress a step further and developed his stages of psychosocial development but saw adolescenceRead MoreHiv : Gender And Race Disparities Among At Risk Young Adults1398 Words   |  6 Pagespatterns and risk factors among adolescents that are HIV positive and then turn this data around to pro-actively attack the disparities that are within the health system. One such study in Colorado correlated risk behaviors among high school students with the health education provided to them. This study wasconducted in order to assess how information and risk factors affect the possibility of contracting HI V or another STI. The study was conducted across female and male genders and included a varietyRead MoreA Research Study On Eating Disorders Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pagesand psychological indispositions in both female and male adolescents. This health issue can be precipitated by a cognitive disruption in their perception of their body image. Cognitive behavioural therapy is a particular type of treatment used by the individual s therapist, to try and alter their continuous thought pattern and help to reduce the unhealthy actions and emotions that are a consequence of any type of eating disorder. It encompasses observing the connection between feelings, thoughtsRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children And Adolescents Essay1325 Words   |  6 Pagesaggressive and violent behavior in children and adolescents. Some psychologists believe violent video games influence violent behavior in children through social learning and modeling behaviors after characters in video games that â€Å"glorify† violence and criminals (Schultz Schultz, 2013, p. 331). Other psychologists argue that other factors, such as poor socioeconomic status and negligent parents, are the main factors of violence in children and adolescents instead of video games. However, many studiesRead MoreDevelopment Of The Human Brain1414 Words   |  6 Pagesbiologist who devoted his life to observing and recording the intellectual abilities of infants, children, and adolescents. The stages of cognitive development formulated by Piaget include the Sensory Motor period from zero to twenty-four months. In this period they experience stages such as a Reflexive stage from zero to two months. This is where they perform simple reflex activity such as grasping, and sucking. Between the ages of two and seven, their brains will go through The Preoperational Period.Read MoreThe Social And Emotional Development Of An Adolescent Essay1919 Words   |  8 Pagesemotional development of an a dolescent. From a very young age adolescents are provided with a model of right and wrong. Frequently referred to as Social Learning Theory, the actions of authority figures and peers observed by adolescents can guide their future conduct in the same way as that being observed. Social Learning Theory states that children and adolescents learn from two similar sources; experience and observation (Bandura, 1971). Through observation, adolescents view the actions and reactionsRead MoreFriday Mourning By Kathy Reichs1549 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes sex assessment by observing the pelvis of the three unidentified human remains. Particularly, in page number 37-38, Brennan briefly addresses the characteristics of pelvis through which she was able to determine the sex of the three skeletons. According to her assessment, â€Å" broad, flaring hip blades. Elongated pubic portion with a tiny, elevated ridge coursing across the belly side. Obtuse subpubic angle. Wide sciatic notch† (Reich s 37) are features that is depicted by female pelvis. Although herRead MoreThe Human Brain Is The Most Complex Structure Of The Universe1410 Words   |  6 Pagesbiologist who devoted his life to observing and recording the intellectual abilities of infants, children, and adolescents. The stages of cognitive development formulated by Piaget include the Sensory Motor period from zero to twenty-four months. In this period they experience stages such as a Reflexive stage from zero to two months. This is where they perform simple reflex activity such as grasping, and sucking. Between the ages of two and seven, their brains will go through The Preoperational Period.

Al Qaeda Network Free Essays

Al qaeda the ‘terrorist network’ and Osama bin Laden have carried out a complicated ‘media campaign and ‘public relations’ over the last 10 years (qtd. in Bevy, 2006). As Bevy (2006) excerpted, â€Å"’terrorism-analyst’ think that these communications have been intended to draw out ‘emotional reactions’ and converse intricate ‘political messages’ to a worldwide viewers as well as to explicit populaces in the ‘Islamic world’, the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Al Qaeda Network or any similar topic only for you Order Now S., Asia, and Europe.† A number of analyst and officials consider that ‘Al Qaeda’s messages’ hold signs that notify and educate operatives to get ready for and perform fresh attacks. Bin-Laden has referred to his ‘public-statements’ as significant chief sources for parties in quest to know Al Qaeda’s political demands and ideology. Osama bin Laden’s familiarities as a ‘financier’ and ‘logistical-coordinator’ for the Arab and Afghan struggle to the ‘Soviet-Invasion’ of Afghanistan throughout the 198os are considered to have supplied backdrop for his principle that ‘Muslims’ can obtain valuable ‘military action’ motivated by ‘Islamic principles’ (Bevy, 2006). According to Bevy (2006), his contact to the philosophies of ‘conservative Islamist-scholars’ in Saudi Arabia and his work with the Arab activist in Afghanistan offered the ideological and theological foundation for his principle in the interest of ‘puritanical Salafist Islamic-reform’ in Muslim societies and the need of ‘armed resistance’ in the countenance of ‘perceived aggression’ – an idea Al-Qaeda has since connected with a commonly-binding ‘Islamic principle’ recognized as â€Å"defensive-jihad† (qtd. in Bevy, 2006). After a few years after he initiated setting up Arab volunteers to dispose of ‘Soviet forces’ from ‘Afghanistan’, bin-Laden had a ‘vision’; the instant had come, he informed his friends, to start a ‘global jihad’, or’ Islamic holy-war’, in against to the crooked ‘secular-governments’ of the ‘Muslim Middle East’ and ‘Western-powers’ that maintained them (New York Times, 2001). Bin Laden, the ‘Saudi’ millionaire’, would utilize his campgrounds in Afghanistan to obtain ‘holy-warriors’ from around–the-world – who had at all times followed ‘local goals’ – and figure them into an ‘international-network’ which would wrestle to convey all Muslims under a ‘militant-version’ of ‘Islamic law’. At some stage in the ‘anti Soviet jihad’ Bin-Laden and his combatants have been given American and Saudi funding; a number of ‘analysts’ think Bin-Laden himself had ‘security-training’ from the C.I.A. (BBC, 2004). Following the ‘Iraqi-invasion’ of Kuwait, Bin Laden articulated these analyses in resistance to the beginning of ‘foreign military-forces’ to Saudi Arabia. Bin Laden illustrated the presence of non-Muslim troops and U.S. in Saudi Arabia following 1991 Gulf-War as reason for transformed commitment to ‘defensive jihad’ and the endorsement of violence against the United States and Saudi government. What is Al Qaeda? Any number of theories has been advanced as to the origins of the name â€Å"Al Qaeda†, from a reference to a computer file revealing the identities of Arab veterans of the Afghanistan conflict (the database), to Osama bin Laden’s alleged high-tech headquarters, deep in the mountains of Afghanistan (the secret base), drawings of which – impressive though entirely fictitious – were produced by the American media when U. S. operations began in October 2001 (Chaliand Blin, 2007). The name Al Qaeda, which instantly became the focus of the media attention following the August 1998 U. S. embassy bombings had long had mythical status. According to Chaliand and Blin (2007) Osama bin Laden himself had contributed to the mystery surrounding the name by never uttering it prior to the events of September 11. The groups’ leaders, in their internal communications, usually referred to it as â€Å"the society†, an internationally neutral appellation. In fact, it was ‘Abdallah Azzam who had named the organization; in 19888, the first signs of a Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, ‘Azzam decided that he would not disband the Army of Arab volunteers he had created four years earlier but would use it to undertake a much vaster mission – re-conquest of the Muslim world (Chaliand Blin, 2007). To that end, he needed a standing vanguard of fighters to serve as leaders of the umma; he coined the term al-qaeda al-sulbah (the solid base) for this, which was also the headline of an editorial he wrote in al-Jihad in 1988. How to cite Al Qaeda Network, Papers

Management Occupational Health and Safety

Questions: 1. Explain what you understand about OHS. 2. What is the role of Safe Work, Australia? 3. What is the name of the Victorian Act of Parliament that deals with OHS? 4. Explain the differences between Acts of Parliament, Regulations and Codes of Conduct. (You will find some help on the Worksafe webpage. Explain what each is and then compare them.) 5. List 8 items an employer could find useful from the Worksafe website. 6. Read the following case study and answer the question below:An employee had her hand almost totally severed after it was caught in an inadequately guarded rubbish compacter. The woman was cleaning around the bottom of the machine on the understanding that it was inoperative due to a power shutdown.However, the rubbish compacter was on a different power source from the rest of the machines. The woman also had limited command of written English and the company provided information to employees in English only.What should have been done by staff and management in this example? Answers: 1. Occupational health and safety: Occupational health and safety is concerned with the issue of protecting and safeguarding the health and welfare of people at their work place. The highest degree of safety is the vital human right and should be easily accessible to every worker. The workers should be able to work in an environment that is free from hazards. Work hazards ruins social and family lives of employees and the quality of their lives. The government of Australia spends a minimum amount of 60 billion on employee safety. 2. Safe work Australia: Safe Work Australia is a government statutory institution, which was established in the year 2009 under the act of Safe Work Australia 2008. The prime focus of this institution is to improvise the working environment. In the context of food industry, food industry in Australia is one of the riskiest places to work in. The managers have to plan the layout of the restaurants complying with this act as per the government norms. In many of the cases, the chefs, assistants and waiters are the most affected personnel. By certifying simple health and standards of safety, these restaurants can deliberately lower the risks of accidents (Safeworkaustralia.gov.au, 2015). 3. Victorian Act of Parliament (Occupational health and safety Act of 2004): The act of occupational health and safety 2004 looks upon the safety of the workplace and supports people who have been injured because of the work hazard. The Victorian employers fund the organization as they pay a part of their remuneration, which forms a part of the insurance coverage (Australia.gov.au, 2015). It accounts to take a liable, productive approach to safeguard employees at workplace. It runs an amount of high- profile advertisements campaigns to promote the Act. It does campaigns like work safe week and makes the employees as well as the employers aware of the Act. 4. Difference between act of Parliament regulation and the code of conduct: Act of parliament regulation: Australian government follows a system of Acts, codes and regulation that is the main principal of the workplace health, safety and welfare. It is very necessary for the owners of organizations, managers and employees to understand the hazardous nature of their place of work (enquiries, 2015). Code of conduct: Occupational health and safety codes of practice are practical guides of achieving standards. To practically apply the laws that is mandatory in this regard. The difference between both of them is that even though the law for safe health of the employee is enacted but there are many states, which still have not complied with it. The difference lies in the enactment and the actual application (Austlii.edu.au, 2015). 5. The list of items that might be useful to an employer are: 1. Automatic audible alarms: These alarms are audible from every point at the workplace if any accident takes place.2. Lights: Enough points of lights should be places so that workplace is bight and the employees do not find difficulties to work.3. Motion sensors can be used to detect the hazards through movement of various appliances.4. Fire alarms: Fire alarms can be used to detect if there is some smoke inside the kitchen and is unnoticed. 5. Emergency stops can be used as a measure to vacate a place in case of an emergency.6. Safety uniforms should be suggested to the employees and those clothes should be used that do not catch fire easily.7. Environmental protection: The employers should comply with the environmental checks and should not damage them.8. Heavy machine: if the plant has heavy machines then proper signboards should be assigned to safeguard the employees from hazards (Safeworkaustralia.gov.au, 2015). 6. The case study: According to the Occupational and safety act 2004, if a workers is injured at his/her workplace, then the organization is liable to pay the compensation he/she deserves. Therefore, in this case, the employee will get compensation so that she could get her the best treatment and resume back to her work (Ohsrep.org.au, 2015). Bibliography Austlii.edu.au, (2015).Occupational Health And Safety Act 2004. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/ohasa2004273/ [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. Australia.gov.au, (2015).Occupational health and safety | australia.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.australia.gov.au/topics/health-and-safety/occupational-health-and-safety [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. enquiries, G. (2015).Occupational health and safety harmonisation | Department of Employment. [online] Employment.gov.au. Available at: https://employment.gov.au/occupational-health-and-safety-harmonisation [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. Ohsrep.org.au, (2015).The OHS Act - OHS Reps. [online] Available at: https://www.ohsrep.org.au/law-rights/ohs-legislation/the-ohs-act [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. Safeworkaustralia.gov.au, (2015).Home - Safe Work Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/SWA [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. Safeworkaustralia.gov.au, (2015).Victoria regulators - Safe Work Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/swa/about/who-we-work-with/regulators/vic-regulators/pages/vic-regulators [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015].